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          02_Docker 安装
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        <h3 id="1-基本组成结构"><a href="#1-基本组成结构" class="headerlink" title="1.基本组成结构"></a>1.基本组成结构</h3><img src="/blog/blog/posts/blog/posts/5e244617/1.jpg" class>

<ul>
<li><p><strong>镜像<code>Images</code>：</strong></p>
<p>Docker 镜像就是一个只读的模板。镜像可以用来创建 Docker 容器，一个镜像可以创建很多容器。类似 Java 中的类和对象，<strong>类就是镜像，对象就是容器</strong>。</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>容器<code>Containers</code>：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Docker 利用容器独立运行一个或一组应用。容器是用镜像创建的运行实例。</li>
<li>它可以被启动、开始、停止、删除。每个容器都是互相隔离的。</li>
<li>容器可以看成简易版的 Linux 环境（包括 root 用户权限、进程空间、用户空间和网络空间等）。</li>
<li>容器和镜像几乎一模一样，区别在于容器最上层是可读可写的。</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><strong>仓库<code>Repository</code>：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>仓库是集中存放镜像的地方。</li>
<li>仓库（Repository）和仓库注册服务器（Registry）是不一样的。仓库注册服务器上往往存放着多个仓库，每个仓库又包含了多个镜像，每个镜像有不同的标签。</li>
<li>仓库分为公开仓库和私有仓库。</li>
<li>最大的公开仓库是<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hub.docker.com/">Docker Hub </a>，国内的公开仓库包括阿里云、网易云等。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<span id="more"></span>

<h3 id="2-环境说明"><a href="#2-环境说明" class="headerlink" title="2. 环境说明"></a>2. 环境说明</h3><p>目前，CentOS 仅发行版本中的内核支持 Docker，要求系统为 64 位，内核版本位 3.10 及以上。</p>
<p><strong>修改主机名：</strong></p>
<p>阿里云租来的服务器主机名太长了，我非要改一下</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 看一下主机名是啥</span></span><br><span class="line">hostname</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 改主机名</span></span><br><span class="line">hostnamectl set-hostname horsenliu</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 改一下hosts文件 127.0.0.1后面添加主机名</span></span><br><span class="line">vim /etc/hosts</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><strong>查看自己的内核：</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@horsneliu ~]<span class="comment"># uname -r</span></span><br><span class="line">3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><strong>查看版本信息：</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@horsneliu ~]<span class="comment"># cat /etc/os-release</span></span><br><span class="line">NAME=<span class="string">&quot;CentOS Linux&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">VERSION=<span class="string">&quot;7 (Core)&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">ID=<span class="string">&quot;centos&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">ID_LIKE=<span class="string">&quot;rhel fedora&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">VERSION_ID=<span class="string">&quot;7&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">PRETTY_NAME=<span class="string">&quot;CentOS Linux 7 (Core)&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">ANSI_COLOR=<span class="string">&quot;0;31&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">CPE_NAME=<span class="string">&quot;cpe:/o:centos:centos:7&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">HOME_URL=<span class="string">&quot;https://www.centos.org/&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">BUG_REPORT_URL=<span class="string">&quot;https://bugs.centos.org/&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT=<span class="string">&quot;CentOS-7&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION=<span class="string">&quot;7&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT=<span class="string">&quot;centos&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=<span class="string">&quot;7&quot;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="3-安装步骤"><a href="#3-安装步骤" class="headerlink" title="3. 安装步骤"></a>3. 安装步骤</h3><p>有了宝塔之后，傻瓜式一键安装就好，但是了解一下手动安装方法也是必要的。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>官网安装教程：</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/">https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/</a></p>
</blockquote>
<ol>
<li><p>安装 gcc</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum -y install gcc</span><br><span class="line">yum -y install gcc-c++</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>卸载旧版本</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum remove docker \</span><br><span class="line">            docker-client \</span><br><span class="line">            docker-client-latest \</span><br><span class="line">            docker-common \</span><br><span class="line">            docker-latest \</span><br><span class="line">            docker-latest-logrotate \</span><br><span class="line">            docker-logrotate \</span><br><span class="line">            docker-engine</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>安装需要的软件包</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum install -y yum-utils</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>设置镜像仓库，用阿里云的，不要用官网的</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

</li>
<li><p>更新 yum 软件包索引</p>
<p> <em>注意：如果是宝塔安装，下面这两步要我们自己来</em></p>
 <figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum makecache fast</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>安装 docker 引擎</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum -y install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>启动 docker<em>（宝塔安装好会自动启动）</em></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">systemctl start docker</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>测试一下命令</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 查看版本</span></span><br><span class="line">docker version</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 查看已有镜像 理应是空的</span></span><br><span class="line">docker images</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>跑一下 hello-world 试一下</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker run hello-world</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>由于刚装好，已有镜像是空的，docker 会自动去 pull hello-world这个镜像</p>
<img src="/blog/blog/posts/blog/posts/5e244617/image-20210720152925824.png" class>
</li>
<li><p>卸载 docker 的方法</p>
<p><em>宝塔安装的 docker 的 lib 目录不在这里，但是这个位置有一个 link 链接到了真正的位置</em></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sudo <span class="built_in">rm</span> -rf /var/lib/docker</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sudo <span class="built_in">rm</span> -rf /var/lib/containerd</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="4-阿里云镜像加速"><a href="#4-阿里云镜像加速" class="headerlink" title="4. 阿里云镜像加速"></a>4. 阿里云镜像加速</h3><ol>
<li><p>进入容器镜像服务</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.aliyun.com/product/acr">https://www.aliyun.com/product/acr</a></p>
</li>
<li><p>创建个人实例</p>
</li>
<li><p>按照教程来</p>
<img src="/blog/blog/posts/blog/posts/5e244617/image-20210720154603155.png" class></li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo <span class="built_in">mkdir</span> -p /etc/docker</span><br><span class="line">sudo <span class="built_in">tee</span> /etc/docker/daemon.json &lt;&lt;-<span class="string">&#x27;EOF&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="string">&quot;registry-mirrors&quot;</span>: [<span class="string">&quot;https://********.mirror.aliyuncs.com&quot;</span>]</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">EOF</span><br><span class="line">sudo systemctl daemon-reload</span><br><span class="line">sudo systemctl restart docker</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="5-run做了什么"><a href="#5-run做了什么" class="headerlink" title="5. run做了什么"></a>5. <code>run</code>做了什么</h3><img src="/blog/blog/posts/blog/posts/5e244617/2.jpg" class>

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